Provides the theoretical basis for the application of nursing process to the adult medical surgical client who requires moderately complex nursing care in acute care facilities and community settings. Emphasis is on pathophysiology biopsychosocial needs in the following areas: oxygenation, fluid and electrolytes, activity and rest, neurological function, endocrine function, gastrointestinal function, and protective function. Principles of nutrition, medication administration, communication, health education, health promotion, illness prevention, human development, advocacy, and concepts of diversity and culturally competent care for individuals from cultural groups within the United States are integrated.